Long Pepper
Warms interior, directs qi downward.
Overview
Long pepper (bibo) is acrid-hot—warms the interior, disperses cold, directs counterflow, relieves pain—classically for cold-type epigastric pain and formulas.
Nature & meridians
Acrid, hot; Stomach and Large Intestine.
Key ideas
- Deficiency-cold stomach pain: as an adjunct in pattern-based care.
- Hiccup / loose stools: only within cold-constraint patterns.
Aromatherapy notes
Avoid with yin deficiency heat or excess heat; culinary/aroma use should stay mild.
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Data Source: Tianfu Aromatherapy Institute
Disclaimer: For health literacy only—not a substitute for medical care.